Membraneless electrolysers are a research line that seeks to simplify the cell. Safe gas separation, purity, pressure and durability still have to be demonstrated in each architecture. The difference between a technical proposal, a laboratory prototype and an industrial solution.
Dalian is testing a regional hydrogen chain for heavy transport. Data on stations and capacity help explain the infrastructure, but do not prove national competitiveness or economic return. The decisive point is route utilization, the cost of delivered fuel and predictable demand.
RIPPLE starts with four ships and could reach ten. Expansion depends on agreements, retrofits, fuel and freight contracts. The analysis separates the role of the initial subsidy from the demand that has to sustain operations.
FuelEU Maritime reduces the emission intensity of ships without imposing universal use of hydrogen; demand depends on certified fuel, price and logistics.
Passo Fundo formalized with Begreen and the University of Passo Fundo Foundation the conditions to set up a green ammonia hub on the university campus.
Shipping ammonia does not close the hydrogen bill. When the customer needs hydrogen at the destination, conversion, energy, purity and availability enter the cost.
Growing in stages can reduce the capital committed at the start. But a modular green ammonia plant still has to demonstrate flexibility, utilization and cost per tonne.